THE ROSWELL INCIDENT
--------------------
Forty-seven years ago an incident occurred in the southwestern desert of the United States that could have significant implications for all mankind. It involved the recovery by the U.S. Military of material alleged to be of extraterrestrial origin. The event was announced by the Army Air Force on July 8, 1947 through a press release carried by newspapers throughout the country. It was subsequently denied by what is now believed to be a cover story claiming the material was nothing more than a weather balloon. It has remained veiled in government secrecy ever since.
The press release announcing the unusual event was issued by the Commander of the 509th Bomb Group at Roswell Army Air Field, Colonel William Blanchard, who later went on to become a four-star general and Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. That the weather balloon story was a cover-up has been confirmed by individuals directly involved, including the late General Thomas DuBose, who took the telephone call from Washington, D.C. ordering the cover-up. Numerous other credible military and civilian witnesses have testified that the original press release was correct and that the Roswell wreckage was of extraterrestrial origin. One such individual was Major Jesse Marcel, the Intelligence Officer of the 509th Bomb Group and one of the first military officers at the scene.
On January 12, 1994, United States Congressman Steven Schiff of Albuquerque, New Mexico, announced to the press that he had been stonewalled by the Defense Department when requesting information on the 1947 Roswell event on behalf of constituents and witnesses. Indicating that he was seeking further investigation into the matter, Congressman Schiff called the Defense Department's lack of response "astounding" and concluded it was apparently "another government cover-up."
History has shown that unsubstantiated official assurances or denials by government are often meaningless. Nevertheless, there is a logical and straightforward way to ensure that the truth about Roswell will emerge: an Executive Order declassifying any information regarding the existence of UFOs or extraterrestrial intelligence. Because this is a unique issue of universal concern, such an action would be appropriate and warranted. To provide positive assurance for all potential witnesses, it would need to be clearly stated and written into law. Such a measure is essentially what presidential candidate Jimmy Carter promised and then failed to deliver to the American people eighteen years ago in 1976.
If, as is officially claimed, no information on Roswell, UFOs, or extraterrestrial intelligence is being withheld, an Executive Order declassifying it would be a mere formality, as there would be nothing to disclose. The Order would, however, have the positive effect of setting the record straight once and for all. Years of controversy and suspicion would be ended, both in the eyes of the United States' own citizens and in the eyes of the world.
If, on the other hand, the Roswell witnesses are telling the truth and information on extraterrestrial intelligence does exist, it is not something to which a privileged few in the United States Government should have exclusive rights. It is knowledge of profound importance to which all people throughout the world should have an inalienable right. Its release would unquestionably be universally acknowledged as an historic act of honesty and goodwill.
I support the request, as outlined above, for an Executive Order declassifying any U.S. Government information regarding the existence of UFOs or extraterrestrial intelligence. Whether such information exists or whether it does not, I feel that the people of the world have a right to know the truth about this issue and that it is time to put an end to the controversy surrounding it.
THE ROSWELL INCIDENT FILM
-------------------------
This film was taken by a high security government photographer, in the summer of 1947, when the most thoroughly documented and witnessed crash of a flying saucer occurred in a remote desert of New Mexico. (see the book, The Truth about the UFO Crash at Roswell, by Randle and Schmitt)
After filming the amazing events, including the crash site and two autopsies, the cameraman turned over 300 minutes of 16mm black and white film to the Pentagon. He still had 90 minutes of film left to develop at his private lab. Incredibly, the Pentagon never retrieved these remaining reels from him. He ended up taking them home with him in 1952, when he went on to civilian work. He secretly kept the film reels in his house, under his bed, for over forty years.
The footage was sold by the cameraman (now 80 years old), last November, to London producer Ray Santilli, who is preparing to release this important film to the public in the near future. A number of U.S. Senators and Representatives recently saw the autopsy footage, and it appears that an investigation is in progress. We may soon know how much has been covered up by the military all these years.
It seems that those who have said we are not alone in the Universe were right.
So far, this does not appear to be a hoax. If it is a hoax, it is an incredibly elaborate one, costing a fortune. Prepare yourself for a shock. Below, you'll find several still frames from the film. Just a taste of things to come.
Above, the being, apparently non-human, and dead, is ready for the autopsy to proceed, at a Dallas, Texas operating theater, in 1947. The being appears to be about 5 feet tall. The right hand is severed. That may be a crash related injury, along with the burned or damaged thigh. Note the way the head flares out toward the back. It is huge. Note also the fact that this humanoid being has six digits on each limb, bizarre hips, odd musculature, and other anomalies. At first glance, many people believe that it is a female, but given the absence of a navel or even nipples, that may be jumping to conclusions. There are many creatures who's males have no external genitals.
Above, the surgeon, who is dressed in a full biohazard suit, uses a scalpel to make the first incisions. Note the black eyes, the lack of teeth, the muzzle around the mouth, the lack of hair, and the very low, strangely shaped ears.
In this still frame from the film, the surgeon is removing the thin black membrane that covered the left eye, using tweezers. The right eye still has its covering.
This frame shows the damaged thigh tissues, and the right hand. Note how thin the thumb is, and how long the pinkie finger is.
In this frame from the film, the left hand is being examined. You can clearly see five fingers, plus a very delicate thumb. The six toes of the feet are visible as well. Note that, unlike humans in general, the big toe is longer than any of the other toes. And there are no visible indications of toe or fingernails.
Saturday, January 12, 2013
The Big Bang comparisive of two major theories
Big Bang
It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end.
Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer.
There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many
observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the
universe.
The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe
violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all
of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval
fireball - an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded. The
Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage
rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The
universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from
each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have
observed.
The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There
was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes
the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same
everywhere on the large scale, at all times. It maintains the same average density of
matter forever.
There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more
reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift
is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that
galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more
shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the
galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the
more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum.
This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is
expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model.
The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big
Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of
radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past.
The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into
space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe
uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all
directions in the sky, day and night, all year. And so it appears that astronomers have
detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious
doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this
radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe.
Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the
universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The
points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big
Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be know. However, recent
theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that
space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm or utter chaos, where events
happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.
Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this
randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power
of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it exploded. For an extremely brief and
short period, billionths and billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of this period of
inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had
cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroyed
each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter apparently because slightly more
matter than antimatter was formed. The fireball, and the smoke of its buring, was the
universe at an age of a trillionth a second.
The temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling to a few billion
degrees in a few minutes. Matter continued to condense out of energy, first protons and
neutrons, then electrons, and finally neutrinos. After about an hour, the temperature had
dropped below a billion degrees, and protons and neutrons combined and formed
hydrogen, deuterium, and helium. In a billion years, this cloud of energy, atoms, and
neutrinos had cooled enough for galaxies to form. The expanding cloud cooled still
further, until today its temperature is a couple of degrees above absolute zero.
In the future, the universe may end up in two possible situations. From the initial Big
Bang, the universe attained a speed of expansion. If that speed is greater than the
universe's own escape velocity, then the universe will not stop its expansion. Such a
universe is said to be open. If the velocity of expansion is slower than the escape
velocity, the universe will eventually reach the limit of its outward thrust, just like a ball
thrown in the air comes to the top of its arc, slows, stops, and starts to fall. The crash of
the long fall may be the Big Bang to the beginning of another universe, as the fireball
formed at the end of the contraction leaps outward in another great expansion. Such a
universe is said to be closed, and pulsating.
If the universe has achieved escape velocity, it will continue to expand forever. The
stars will redden and die, the universe will be like a limitless empty haze, expanding
infinitely into the darkness. This space will become even emptier, as the fundamental
particles of matter age, and decay through time. As the years stretch on into infinity,
nothing will remain. A few primitive atoms such as positrons and electrons will be
orbiting each other at distances of hundreds of astronomical units. These particles will
spiral slowly toward each other until touching, and they will vanish in the last flash of
light. After all, the Big Bang model is only an assumption. No one knows for sure that
exactly how the universe began and how it will end. Man will never know the exact truth
about the roots of our universe, however, the Big Bang model is the most logical and
reasonable theory to explain the universe in modern science.
It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end.
Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer.
There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many
observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the
universe.
The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe
violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all
of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval
fireball - an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded. The
Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage
rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The
universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from
each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have
observed.
The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There
was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes
the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same
everywhere on the large scale, at all times. It maintains the same average density of
matter forever.
There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more
reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift
is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that
galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more
shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the
galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the
more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum.
This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is
expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model.
The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big
Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of
radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past.
The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into
space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe
uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all
directions in the sky, day and night, all year. And so it appears that astronomers have
detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious
doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this
radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe.
Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the
universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The
points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big
Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be know. However, recent
theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that
space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm or utter chaos, where events
happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.
Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this
randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power
of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it exploded. For an extremely brief and
short period, billionths and billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of this period of
inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had
cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroyed
each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter apparently because slightly more
matter than antimatter was formed. The fireball, and the smoke of its buring, was the
universe at an age of a trillionth a second.
The temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling to a few billion
degrees in a few minutes. Matter continued to condense out of energy, first protons and
neutrons, then electrons, and finally neutrinos. After about an hour, the temperature had
dropped below a billion degrees, and protons and neutrons combined and formed
hydrogen, deuterium, and helium. In a billion years, this cloud of energy, atoms, and
neutrinos had cooled enough for galaxies to form. The expanding cloud cooled still
further, until today its temperature is a couple of degrees above absolute zero.
In the future, the universe may end up in two possible situations. From the initial Big
Bang, the universe attained a speed of expansion. If that speed is greater than the
universe's own escape velocity, then the universe will not stop its expansion. Such a
universe is said to be open. If the velocity of expansion is slower than the escape
velocity, the universe will eventually reach the limit of its outward thrust, just like a ball
thrown in the air comes to the top of its arc, slows, stops, and starts to fall. The crash of
the long fall may be the Big Bang to the beginning of another universe, as the fireball
formed at the end of the contraction leaps outward in another great expansion. Such a
universe is said to be closed, and pulsating.
If the universe has achieved escape velocity, it will continue to expand forever. The
stars will redden and die, the universe will be like a limitless empty haze, expanding
infinitely into the darkness. This space will become even emptier, as the fundamental
particles of matter age, and decay through time. As the years stretch on into infinity,
nothing will remain. A few primitive atoms such as positrons and electrons will be
orbiting each other at distances of hundreds of astronomical units. These particles will
spiral slowly toward each other until touching, and they will vanish in the last flash of
light. After all, the Big Bang model is only an assumption. No one knows for sure that
exactly how the universe began and how it will end. Man will never know the exact truth
about the roots of our universe, however, the Big Bang model is the most logical and
reasonable theory to explain the universe in modern science.
Evolution of Satalites
satellite is probably the most useful invention since the wheel. Satellites have the capability to let you talk with someone across the nation or let you close a business deal through video communication. Almost everything today is heading towards the use of satellites, such as telephones. At&t has used this communications satellite (top right) ever since the late 1950s. TVS and radios are also turning to the use of satellites. RCA and Sony have released satellite dishes for Radio and Television services. New technology also allows the military to use satellites as a weapon. The new ION cannon is a satellite that can shoot a particle beam anywhere on earth and create an earthquake. They can also use it's capability for imaging enhancement, which allows you to zoom in on someone's nose hairs all the way from space.
Robert Gossard (left) was one of the most integral inventors of the satellite. He was born on October 5, 1882. He earned his Masters and Doctoral degree in Physics at Clark University. He conducted research on improving solid-propellant rockets. He is known best for firing the world's first successful liquid-propellant rocket on March 16, 1926. This was a simple pressure-fed rocket that burned gasoline and liquid oxygen. It traveled only 56m (184 ft) but proved to the world that the principle was valid. Gossard Died August 10, 1945. Gossard did not work alone, he was also in partnership with a Russian theorist named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky was born on September 7, 1857. As a child Tsiolkovsky educated himself and rose to become a High School teacher of mathematics in the small town of Kaluga, 145km (90mi) south of Moscow. In his early years Tsiolkovsky caught scarlet fever and became 80% deaf. Together, the theoretical work of Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the experimental work of American Robert Gossard, confirmed that a satellite might be launched by means of a rocket.
I chose the satellite to research because many things such as computers, TVS and telephones are using satellites, and I thought it would be a good idea to figure out how they work and the history behind them before we start to use them more rapidly. I also picked the satellite because I think that my life would differ without it. For instance, The Internet or World Wide Web would run very slowly or would cease to exist altogether. We wouldn't be able to talk to people across the world because telephone wires would have to travel across the Atlantic, and if they did, the reception would be horrible. We wouldn't know what the weather would be like on earth, or what the stars and planets are like in space. We wouldn't be able to watch live television premiers across the country because all those are via satellite.
A satellite is a secondary object that revolves in a closed orbit around a planet or the sun, but an artificial satellite is used to revolve around the earth for scientific research, earth applications, or Military Reconnaissance. All artificial satellites consist of certain features in common. They include radar for altitude measurements, sensors such as optical devices in observation satellites, receivers and transmitters in communication satellites, and stable radio-signal sources in navigation satellites. Solar cells generate power from the sun , and storage batteries are used for the periods when the satellite is blocked from the sun by the Earth. These batteries in turn are recharged by the solar cells. The Russians launched Sputnik 1 (left) on October 4, 1957, as the first satellite ever to be in space. The United States followed by launching Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. In the years that followed, more than 3,500 satellites were launched by the end of 1986. A science physicist said that "If you added up all the radio waved sent and received by satellites, it wouldn't equal the energy of a snowflake hitting the ground. Satellites were built and tested on the ground. They were then placed into a rocket and launched into space, where they were released and placed into orbit. The rocket would then become space junk, and the owner of the satellite would lose a tremendous amount of money. Now that NASA has created a space shuttle, several satellites can be launched simultaneously from the shuttle and the shuttle can then land for reuse and financial purposes. The space shuttles also have the capability to retrieve a satellite from orbit and bring it down to earth for repairs or destruction. Once the satellite is released from the space shuttle, the antenna on the satellite will receive a signal from earth that will activate it's rockets to move it into orbit. Once in orbit, The antenna will receive another signal telling the satellite to erect it's solar panels (bottom). Then the control center on earth will upload a program to the satellite telling it to use it's censors to maintain a natural orbit with earth. The satellite will then pick a target point on earth, and stay above that point for the remainder of it' s life. Once a satellite shuts down, the program uploaded to the satellite will tell it to fold up it's solar panels and remain in its orbit. Several days after the shut down, a space shuttle will pick up the satellite for repairs or replacement of new cells.
As you can see, the satellite is a very complicated piece of technology, but it's capabilities are endless. By the end of the year 2000, there will be an estimated 7,000 satellites in orbit! That's a satellite per 36,000 people. Satellites are becoming more and more useful as technology advances. Computers are turning towards the Internet, telephones are turning towards video-communication, and televisions are looking for better cable services. So as long as satellites orbit the earth, you might as well take advantage of them now, before it's too late.
Robert Gossard (left) was one of the most integral inventors of the satellite. He was born on October 5, 1882. He earned his Masters and Doctoral degree in Physics at Clark University. He conducted research on improving solid-propellant rockets. He is known best for firing the world's first successful liquid-propellant rocket on March 16, 1926. This was a simple pressure-fed rocket that burned gasoline and liquid oxygen. It traveled only 56m (184 ft) but proved to the world that the principle was valid. Gossard Died August 10, 1945. Gossard did not work alone, he was also in partnership with a Russian theorist named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky was born on September 7, 1857. As a child Tsiolkovsky educated himself and rose to become a High School teacher of mathematics in the small town of Kaluga, 145km (90mi) south of Moscow. In his early years Tsiolkovsky caught scarlet fever and became 80% deaf. Together, the theoretical work of Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the experimental work of American Robert Gossard, confirmed that a satellite might be launched by means of a rocket.
I chose the satellite to research because many things such as computers, TVS and telephones are using satellites, and I thought it would be a good idea to figure out how they work and the history behind them before we start to use them more rapidly. I also picked the satellite because I think that my life would differ without it. For instance, The Internet or World Wide Web would run very slowly or would cease to exist altogether. We wouldn't be able to talk to people across the world because telephone wires would have to travel across the Atlantic, and if they did, the reception would be horrible. We wouldn't know what the weather would be like on earth, or what the stars and planets are like in space. We wouldn't be able to watch live television premiers across the country because all those are via satellite.
A satellite is a secondary object that revolves in a closed orbit around a planet or the sun, but an artificial satellite is used to revolve around the earth for scientific research, earth applications, or Military Reconnaissance. All artificial satellites consist of certain features in common. They include radar for altitude measurements, sensors such as optical devices in observation satellites, receivers and transmitters in communication satellites, and stable radio-signal sources in navigation satellites. Solar cells generate power from the sun , and storage batteries are used for the periods when the satellite is blocked from the sun by the Earth. These batteries in turn are recharged by the solar cells. The Russians launched Sputnik 1 (left) on October 4, 1957, as the first satellite ever to be in space. The United States followed by launching Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. In the years that followed, more than 3,500 satellites were launched by the end of 1986. A science physicist said that "If you added up all the radio waved sent and received by satellites, it wouldn't equal the energy of a snowflake hitting the ground. Satellites were built and tested on the ground. They were then placed into a rocket and launched into space, where they were released and placed into orbit. The rocket would then become space junk, and the owner of the satellite would lose a tremendous amount of money. Now that NASA has created a space shuttle, several satellites can be launched simultaneously from the shuttle and the shuttle can then land for reuse and financial purposes. The space shuttles also have the capability to retrieve a satellite from orbit and bring it down to earth for repairs or destruction. Once the satellite is released from the space shuttle, the antenna on the satellite will receive a signal from earth that will activate it's rockets to move it into orbit. Once in orbit, The antenna will receive another signal telling the satellite to erect it's solar panels (bottom). Then the control center on earth will upload a program to the satellite telling it to use it's censors to maintain a natural orbit with earth. The satellite will then pick a target point on earth, and stay above that point for the remainder of it' s life. Once a satellite shuts down, the program uploaded to the satellite will tell it to fold up it's solar panels and remain in its orbit. Several days after the shut down, a space shuttle will pick up the satellite for repairs or replacement of new cells.
As you can see, the satellite is a very complicated piece of technology, but it's capabilities are endless. By the end of the year 2000, there will be an estimated 7,000 satellites in orbit! That's a satellite per 36,000 people. Satellites are becoming more and more useful as technology advances. Computers are turning towards the Internet, telephones are turning towards video-communication, and televisions are looking for better cable services. So as long as satellites orbit the earth, you might as well take advantage of them now, before it's too late.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)